UJI EFEKTIVITAS LARVASIDA TERHADAP LARVA NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI EKSTRAK METANOL KULIT BAWANG MERAH (ALLIUM CEPA L.) DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI REFLUKS DAN SOKLETASI

Abstract

Larvicides are a class of pesticides that can kill immature insects or as larvae killers. One of the plants that have the potential as larvicides is onion skin (Allium cepa L.). The purpose of this study was to determine the time of death and the effect of the most effective red onion peel extract as a larvicide between reflux and soxhletation methods on Aedes aegypti larvae. The shallot peel extraction method with methanol solvent used two methods, namely reflux and soxhletation with each concentration of 2.5% to test the comparison of the larvicidal potential of onion peel extract as a control of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. Phytochemical analysis test showed that the onion peel extract was positive for flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins and terpenoids. The results of methanol extraction of red onion peel using reflux method obtained 8.55% yield, and 7.84 % by soxhletation method. The red onion peel extract with reflux method has effectiveness as a larvicide with a mortality percentage of 49.6% and an LT50 value of 5.792 hours, while the soxhlet method has a mortality percentage of 48.8% and an LT50 value of 6.889 hours. The methanolic extract of the red onion peel using reflux method had greater larvicidal effectiveness than the soxhletation method.